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Showing posts with label Study-Étude. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Study-Étude. Show all posts

Studies/Études : The Rural Practicum: Preparing a Quality Teacher Workforce for Rural and Regional Australia

Source: Journal of research in rural education.
"Communities play a critical role in supporting pre-service teachers during rural and regional professional experience. This support, coupled with access to teacher educators and university resources, appears to positively influence graduate attitudes toward taking up a rural appointment."

"These are among the key findings to emerge from open-ended responses within 263 surveys completed for the Rethinking Teacher Education for Rural and Regional Sustainability—Renewing Teacher Education for Rural and Regional Australia project (TERRAnova). The national surveys, collected annually from 2008-2010, monitored the impact of state-based financial incentives designed to promote rural and regional professional experience. Findings discussed in this article have implications for teacher educators and rural school leaders as they work in partnership with communities to support pre-service teachers on rural and regional practicum."

Kline, Jodie, White, Simone and Lock, Graeme 2013, The rural practicum : preparing a quality teacher workforce for rural and regional Australia, Journal of research in rural education, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 1-13.

WWW: www.jrre.psu.edu

Studies/Études : Mapping Frontier and Remote Areas in the U.S.

Source: ERS/USDA.
Researchers and policymakers focusing on rural development issues commonly use the term "frontier" to denote relatively remote and sparsely settled territory, found largely but not exclusively in the Great Plains and Intermountain West.

ERS's newly developed Frontier and Remote (FAR) area codes are both geographically detailed and adjustable within reasonable ranges to facilitate their use in diverse research and policy contexts. The initial set, based on urban-rural data from the 2000 decennial census, provides four separate FAR categories, ranging from one that is relatively inclusive (18 million FAR residents) to one that is more restrictive (4.8 million FAR residents).

Read more.

Download PDF version.

WWW: www.ers.usda.gov

Studies/Études : Approaches for Adding Sustainable Energy to Rural Maritime Communities

Source: International Conference on Ocean Energy.
"Rural maritime communities are often located at the end of the line; adjacent to abundant marine resources but unable to transmit power due to ageing electrical infrastructure designed to transmitpower from large thermal power plants."

"This paper draws experience from communities located adjacent to Grand Passage and Petit Passage, Nova Scotia and could be applied to similar maritime communities such as the Isle of Islay in Scotland. The role of energy developers in these communities extends beyond the direct challenges of harnessing marine energy to supporting local economies and developing energy extraction that is sustainable.

This paper presents a model for the electric power supply required from the grid to meet the demand for fossil fuel replacement, with application to a case study of hybrid marine propulsion for passenger ferries that cross Grand Passage and Petit Passage. Fuel conversion from diesel combustion to power supply by an electric or ammonia hybrid ferry is shown to have a significant effect on available distribution capacity compared to the existing cap of estimated annual minimum load. An initial economic analysis suggests that electric hybrid ferries may be commercially viable at current residential power and diesel cost rates."

G. Trowse, J. Ross, D. Groulx, and Sue Molloy (2012). At the End of the Line: Approaches for Adding Sustainable Energy to Rural Maritime Communities. 4th International Conference on Ocean Energy, 17 October 2012, Dublin.

WWW: www.icoe2012dublin.com

Studies/Études : Experiences of Former Seasonal Agricultural Workers Who Settle in Rural Nova Scotia

Source: Atlantic Metropolis Centre.
"The Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) has grown substantially since its inception in 1966. Between 2006 and 2010, the number of temporary foreign workers entering Nova Scotia under this program almost tripled, a rate of growth that far outstripped the national average."

"We offer a glimpse into the experiences of former participants in the SAWP in Nova Scotia who have transitioned to permanent residency through a small series of in-depth interviews. We focus in particular on the opportunities—or lack thereof—for the development of off-farm informal social ties with rural Nova Scotians, and on pathways to permanent residency. We find that the patterns of social and spatial isolation of migrant workers identified by research in other provinces are replicated in Nova Scotia, but are compounded by the small size and the relative isolation of their work sites."

Horgan, Mervyn, and Saara Liinamaa (2012). Double Precarity: Experiences of Former Seasonal Agricultural Workers Who Settle in Rural Nova Scotia. The Atlantic Metropolis Centre’s Working Papers Series. Working Paper No.46-2012.

WWW: http://community.smu.ca/atlantic

Studies/Études : Bike it Baw Baw, rural cycling in Australia

Source: Monash University, Accident Research Centre.
This study was conducted by Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC) in collaboration with the Baw Baw Shire Council. The study identifies the issues that impact regional cyclists and drivers as they share regional/rural roads.

The study was conducted in three stages: a literature review, an analysis of existing data from residents in the Baw Baw Shire area and an online survey.

The review of the published literature was conducted to identify the types of issues that had been reported to be of safety concerns for cyclists in regional and rural areas.

Read full report.

WWW: www.monash.edu.au/miri

Studies/Études : A profile of self-employment in rural and small town Canada / Profil des travailleurs autonomes dans les régions rurales et les petites villes du Canada


Le texte en français suit l’anglais.
Source: Statistics Canada / Statistique Canada.
In 2010, there were roughly 0.6 million self-employed people in rural and small town Canada, representing 21% of total employment. Farming is a significant component of self-employment, both in rural and small town areas and in the countryside within the commuting zone of larger urban centres. Rural and small town Canada is relatively more intensive in self-employment activities.

Among non-farm jobs, self-employment represents 17% of non-farm employment in rural and small town areas, while it represents 14% of non-farm employment in larger urban centres.

Self-employment in construction and in professional, scientific and technical services has been increasing over time in rural and small town areas.Self-employment in farming and wholesale and retail trade businesses has been decreasing.

In rural and small town areas, the share of the self-employed, who are currently aged 55 to 64 and who will likely retire within 10 years, was 24% in 2010. This compares with 17% for salaried employees in rural and small town areas. Both of these shares have increased since 2006 as the overall labour force is aging.

The rural self-employed with the highest share expected to retire in the next 10 years are operators of funeral homes (43%), operators of storage facilities (43%), clay and brick manufacturers (40%), educational and vocational counsellors and testers (39%) and operators of private or boarding schools (36%). In each case, the absolute number of self-employed was not large, fewer than 250 individuals.

The industry sectors with the largest absolute number of impending retirees of rural self-employed operators were farmers (33,300 or 23%), house contractors (4,105 or 19%), operators providing landscaping, cleaning of buildings and pest control services (3,145 or 20%), operators of garages or service stations (2,640 or 22%) and self-employed truckers (2,145 or 20%). In each case, the expected rate of turnover resulting from retirement is less than for all self-employed in rural and small town areas.

Bollman, Ray D. and Alessandro Alasia (2012) “A profile of self-employment in rural and small town Canada: Is there an impending retirement of self-employed business operators?” Rural and Small Town Canada Analysis Bulletin Vol. 9, No. 1(Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 21-006-XIE).

Rural and Small Town Canada Analysis Bulletin


WWW: www.statcan.gc.ca
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En 2010, il y avait environ 0,6 million de travailleurs autonomes dans les régions rurales et les petites villes du Canada, ce qui représentait 21 % de l’ensemble des travailleurs.

Les exploitants agricoles représentent un pourcentage important des travailleurs autonomes, tant dans les régions rurales et les petites villes que dans les régions situées dans la zone de navettage des grands centres urbains.

L’activité liée au travail autonome est relativement plus intense dans les régions rurales et les petites villes. Parmi les emplois non agricoles, le travail autonome représente 17 % de l’emploi dans les régions rurales et les petites villes, et 14 % dans les grands centres urbains.

Le travail autonome dans le secteur de la construction et le secteur des services professionnels, scientifiques et techniques a augmenté au fil du temps dans les régions rurales et les petites villes.

Le travail autonome a diminué dans le secteur de l’agriculture et le secteur du commerce de gros et de détail.

Dans les régions rurales et les petites villes, la proportion de travailleurs autonomes qui sont actuellement âgés de 55 à 64 ans et qui prendront vraisemblablement leur retraite d’ici 10 ans était de 24 % en 2010, comparativement à 17 % pour les travailleurs salariés. Ces deux pourcentages ont augmenté depuis 2006 en raison du vieillissement de la population active.

Les travailleurs autonomes des régions rurales qui affichent les taux les plus élevés de départs à la retraite prévus d’ici 10 ans sont les suivants : exploitants de salon funéraire (43 %); exploitants d’entrepôt (43 %); fabricants de produits en argile et de briques (40 %); fournisseurs de services de conseils pédagogiques, d’orientation professionnelle et d’évaluation pédagogique (39 %); exploitants d’écoles privées ou de pensionnats (36 %). Dans chaque cas, le nombre absolu de travailleurs est peu élevé, soit moins de 250.

Dans les régions rurales, les secteurs affichant le plus grand nombre absolu de travailleurs autonomes devant prendre bientôt leur retraite se composent d’exploitants agricoles (33 300 ou 23 %), d’entrepreneurs en construction résidentielle (4 105 ou 19 %), d’exploitants offrant des services d’aménagement paysager, de nettoyage d’immeubles et de lutte antiparasitaire (3 145 ou 20 %), d’exploitants de garage ou de station-service (2 640 ou 22 %) et de camionneurs (2 145 ou 20 %). Dans chaque cas, le taux de roulement prévu en raison de départs à la retraite est inférieur à celui observé pour l’ensemble des travailleurs autonomes dans les régions rurales et les petites villes.

Bollman, Ray D. and Alessandro Alasia (2012) « Profil des travailleurs autonomes dans les régions rurales et les petites villes du Canada : un départ à la retraite important des travailleurs autonomes est-il imminent?» Bulletin d’analyse: Régions rurales et petites villes du Canada vol. 9, no 1(Ottawa: Statistique Canada, No 21-006-XIF au catalogue).


Bulletin d'analyse : régions rurales et petites villes du Canada


WWW: www.statcan.gc.ca

Studies/Études : Understanding the Rural Tilt among Financial Co-operatives in Canada

Source: Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research.
"This mixed methods study examines whether the rural/urban distribution of credit union/caisse populaire branches differs significantly from the general urban/rural demographic pattern in Canada. It also explores whether their distribution is different from that of banks, looking at the cases of Québec and Atlantic Canada."
"The study finds a rural tilt among financial cooperatives in Canada, and seven key informants present their views on the results. Their responses are categorized in two main themes: why financial cooperatives are overrepresented in rural and small town areas, and why they are under-represented in urban ones. A discussion follows, and directions for further study are provided."

Laurie Mook, Jennifer Hann, Jack Quarter (2012). Understanding the Rural Tilt among Financial Co-operatives in Canada. Vol 3, No 1.

www: http://anserj.ca/index.php/cjnser

Studies/Études: Workforce Skills across the Urban-Rural Hierarchy

Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
"This paper examines differences in the skill content of work throughout the United States, ranging from densely populated city centers to isolated and sparsely populated rural areas."

"To do so, we classify detailed geographic areas into categories along the entire urban-rural hierarchy. An occupation-based cluster analysis is then used to measure the types of skills available in the regional workforce, which allows for a broader measure of human capital than is captured by conventional measures. We find that the occupation clusters most prevalent in urban areas—scientists, engineers, and executives—are characterized by high levels of social and resource-management skills, as well as the ability to generate ideas and solve complex problems. By contrast, the occupation clusters that are most prevalent in rural areas—machinists, makers, and laborers—are among the lowest in terms of required skills. These differences in the skill content of work shed light on the pattern of earnings observed across the urban-rural hierarchy."

Jaison R. Abel, Todd M. Gabe, and Kevin Stolarick (2012). Workforce Skills across the Urban-Rural Hierarchy. Staff Reports. Federal Reserve Bank of New York. February 2012 Number 552.

WWW: www.newyorkfed.org

Studies/Études : Needs of specialists in rural and remote Canada

Source: Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine.
"Very little literature exists on rural specialists as a unique group and how best to meet their needs. We sought to provide some baseline information on specialists practising in rural and remote Canada to better understand their reasons for working rurally, their workload and how supported they felt, as well as their sources of advice and satisfaction with continuing medical education (CME)."

"Results: The survey was sent to 1500 physicians and yielded a 19% response rate. Although 85% of respondents felt supported overall, less than 20% felt supported by the CMA or by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC). Conversely, most felt supported by immediate colleagues (85%) and their community (78%). Most wished they had access to more training, with close to 90% agreeing that additional training should be available if they had worked for several years in a rural or remote area and a need was demonstrated."

Clare Toguri, MSc; Michael Jong, MBBS, MRCP(UK), CHE, FCFP, FRRMS; Judith Roger, MD, FRCSC (2012). Needs of specialists in rural and remote Canada. Can J Rural Med 17(2):56-62

Read full article.

WWW: www.cma.ca/publications/cjrm

Studies/Études : Maintaining Professional Identity in Rural Social Work Practice

Source: Journal of Comparative Social Work.
"Working in a rural community locates the professional in a wider social network as community members often expect more from their professionals; not only as service providers, but also as engaged members of the community."

"This can result in the rural social worker being highly visible both personally and professionally and it can also lead to overlapping relationships. These higher expectations can place stress on the worker in terms of maintaining accepted professional roles and a sense of professional identity. This qualitative study explores the first-hand experiences of a cross-section of service providers in more than a dozen communities within northwestern Ontario and northern Manitoba,
Canada.

Keith Brownlee, Glenn Halverson and Ahlea Chassie(2012). Multiple Relationships: Maintaining Professional Identity in Rural Social Work Practice. Journal of Comparative Social Work 2012/1


WWW: www.jcsw.no

Reports/Rapports : Scoping a Vision for the Future for Rural and Regional Australia, report and papers

Source: National Institute for Rural & Regional Australia.
"For the past 6 months NIRRA has been undertaking a scoping projecton Visioning the Future of Rural and Regional Australia. A discussion paper has now been completed, which provides a broad overview of many of the issues relating to, and the concerns facing, rural and regional Australia."

The project report draws on a number of articles contributed by several NIRRA members, as well as interviews with 25 key opinion leaders in the field.

Read Discussion paper and Collection of papers.


WWW: www.nirra.anu.edu.au

Studies/Études : Is telemonitoring an option against shortage of physicians in rural regions?

Source: BMC Health Services Research. "General practitioners (GP) in rural areas of Germany are struggling to find successors for their private practices. Telemonitoring at home offers an option to support remaining GPs and specialists in ambulatory care."

"We assessed the knowledge and attitude towards telemedicine in the population of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, in a population-based telephone survey."

Claudia Terschuren, Monika Mensing, Odile C.L. Mekel (2012). Attitude towards telemedical devices in the North Rhine-Westphalian health survey, Germany. BMC Health Services Research 2012, 12:95.

WWW: www.biomedcentral.com

Studies/Études : Second homes, amenity migration and rural exclusion in Washington State

Source:Landscape and Urban Planning.
"Our research explores second-home owners as contributors to processes of amenity migration. (...) second-home owners’ desire for privacy and escape is reflected in patterns of spatial isolation among second homes in the study area. These patterns have potentially significant ecological effects."

"Second-home owners also seek to protect their investments by supporting regulations which support their version of a rural idyll. Therefore, policy-makers should be wary of strategies to promote regulations which promote aesthetic rather than social and ecological function."


Michelle C. Kondoa, Rebeca Riverab, and Stan Rullman Jr. (2012). Protecting the idyll but not the environment: Second homes, amenity migration and rural exclusion in Washington State. Landscape and Urban Planning. Available online 29 March 2012.


WWW: www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01692046

Studies/Études : Increasing The Resilience of BC’s Rural Communities to Natural Disturbances and Climate Change

Source: BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management.
"Rural forest-based communities are especially vulnerable to changes in natural disturbance regimes influenced by climate change because their economic, social, and cultural aspects of life are closely linked to the local environment and climate."

"In this article, we discuss the impacts of wildfires on communities as an example of how natural disturbances impact humans. The impacts to humans of wildfire is indicative of the type of effects that other natural disturbances such as widespread insect infestation, landslides, floods, drought, storms, avalanches, permafrost melt, forest diseases, erosion, and gradual ecosystem change can have on communities. First Nations communities may be significantly and uniquely impacted by natural disturbances and climate change due to their remote location, strong connection, and heavy reliance on the environment for subsistence and in preserving their culture and their unique and often vulnerable economic situation."

Krishnaswamy, A., Simmons, E., & Joseph, L. 2012. Increasing the resilience of British Columbia’s rural communities to natural disturbances and climate change. BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management 13(1):1–15.

WWW: www.jem.forrex.org

Studies/Études : Rural Wealth Creation, Concepts, Strategies, and Measures

Source: ERS/USDA.
This report presents a conceptual framework for rural wealth creation, drawing upon the U.S. and international development literature. The framework emphasizes the importance of multiple types of assets (physical, financial, human, intellectual, natural, social, political, and cultural capital) and the economic, institutional, and policy context in which rural wealth strategies are devised.

The report discusses the role of wealth creation in the rural
development process, how wealth can be created in rural communities, and how its accumulation and effects can be measured.

John Pender, Alexander Marré, and Richard Reeder (2012). Rural Wealth Creation Concepts, Strategies, and Measures. Economic Research Report Number 131. ERS/USDA.

WWW: www.ers.usda.gov

Studies/Études : Agricultural Migrant Workers and Their Integration in Canada

Source: IRPP.
"Every year, 30,000 agricultural migrant workers arrive in Canada as part of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP), the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program and the Low Skill Pilot Project. Although the TFWP is intended to address short-term labour demands, most of these workers return to the same communities year after year, sometimes for more than 25 years. As a result, growing numbers of migrant farm workers are permanently temporary."

"The increased presence of temporary workers will most certainly have an impact on Canadian communities and workplaces for years to come. Is there a way to conceptualize integration in the context of these migration patterns? How does the TFWP fit into Canada’s multicultural landscape and its goals of integration and social cohesion? In this study, Jenna Hennebry draws on experience with agricultural workers to address some of these questions."

Read full study. Jenna Hennebry (2012). Permanently Temporary? Agricultural Migrant Workers and Their Integration in Canada. IRPP Study. No. 26, February 2012.

WWW: www.irpp.org

Studies/Études : Perceived facilitators and barriers to physical activity for rural youth

Source: Rural and Remote Health.
Decreasing physical activity levels, particularly among youth, continue to be a prominent health concern in Canada, and youth living in rural areas may encounter unique facilitators and barriers to physical activity. In addition, current research suggests that overweight and obesity rates are higher for youth in some rural areas compared with urban areas.

The goal of this study was to identify the perceived facilitators and barriers to physical activity for a selected sample of rural youth at a rural secondary school in south-western Ontario and examine how rural barriers and facilitators affect rural youth physical activity.

Walia S, Leipert B. Perceived facilitators and barriers to physical activity for rural youth: an exploratory study using photovoice Rural and Remote Health 12: 1842. (Online) 2012. Available: http://www.rrh.org.au

WWW: www.rrh.org.au

Studies/Études : Rural Europe and the world: Globalization and rural development

Source: European Countryside.
"Globalization remains in the popular imagination most commonly associated with urban centres, and particularly with the concept of the 'global city'. (...) In contrast, the dynamics of globalization as worked through rural localities has been comparatively under-researched."

"The papers in this double special issue of European Countryside (Volume 3, Issue 3 and Volume 4, Issue 1), in contrast, adopt a relational perspective to the analysis of globalization in a rural context."

Michael Woods & John McDonagh (2011). Rural Europe and the world: Globalization and rural development (Editorial). European Countryside,Volume 3, Number 3, p. 153-163.


WWW: http://versita.metapress.com

Studies/Études : Examining variations in health within rural Canada

Source: Rural and Remote Health.
"Differences in health between urban and rural areas of Canada are well documented. Canadian rural communities are remarkably heterogeneous in terms of social, economic, and geographic characteristics. There is reason to believe that there is also considerable heterogeneity in health within rural Canada but existing literature has not given this adequate consideration."

"This article describes heterogeneity in health along the urban-rural continuum, both between and within categories of rural areas. Factors that may explain observed variations are then examined."

Lavergne M, Kephart G. Examining variations in health within rural Canada. Rural and Remote Health 12: 1848. (Online) 2012. Available: http://www.rrh.org.au

WWW: www.rrh.org.au

Studies/Études : Canada's rural population since 1851 / La population rurale du Canada depuis 1851

Le texte en français suit l’anglais.
Source: Statistics Canada / Statistique Canada.
Between 2006 and 2011, Canada's rural population increased by 1.1%, compared to Canada's overall growth rate of 5.9%.

According to the 2011 Census, more than 6.3 million Canadians were living in rural areas, that is, areas with fewer than 1,000 inhabitants and a population density below 400 people per square kilometre. This number has been relatively stable since 1991, while the population living outside of rural areas has been rising steadily. Consequently, the proportion of Canadians who live in rural areas has been dropping and in 2011 fell below 1 in 5 Canadians to 18.9%.

Full article in PDF
Canada's rural population since 1851 (HTML).

WWW: www.statcan.gc.ca
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Entre 2006 et 2011, la population rurale du Canada a augmenté de 1,1 % comparativement 5,9 % dans l'ensemble du Canada.

Selon le Recensement de 2011, plus de 6,3 millions de Canadiens vivaient en régions rurales, c'est à dire au sein de régions comptant moins de 1 000 habitants et dont la densité de population est inférieure à 400 habitants au kilomètre carré. Ce nombre est relativement stable depuis 1991, alors que celui de la population ne vivant pas en régions rurales est en constante augmentation. En conséquence, la proportion que représentent les personnes vivant en régions rurales parmi l'ensemble des Canadiens est en baisse et a atteint moins d'une personne sur 5, soit 18,9 %, en 2011.

Article intégral en PDF.

La population rurale du Canada depuis 1851 (HTML).

WWW: www.statcan.gc.ca

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